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Commuting Trends in U.S. Cities in the 1990s

University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

Peter Gordon

University of Southern California's School of Policy, Planning, and Development

Harry W. Richardson

James Irvine Chair of Urban and Regional Planning in the School of Policy, Planning

James E. Moore, II

Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering in USC's Viterbi School of Engineering

This article attempts to explain the increase in commuting times in the 1990s after decades of stability. Although traditional explanations, for example both demographic variables (population growth and densities) and transportation variables (e.g. road capacity and transit use), pass the statistical significance tests, their overall impact was small. Instead, the article argues for the importance of strong income growth in the late 1990s, not least because it was associated with an increase in non-work vehicle miles traveled; these affect commuting times because many non-work trips take place in peak hours.

Key Words: commuting times • congestion • non-work trips

This version was published on September 1, 2009

Journal of Planning Education and Research, Vol. 29, No. 1, 78-89 (2009)
DOI: 10.1177/0739456X09331549


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