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Journal of Planning Education and Research, Vol. 25, No. 2, 185-199 (2005)
DOI: 10.1177/0739456X05279276
© 2005 Association of Collegiate Schools of Planning

Do Business Improvement District Organizations Make a Difference?

Crime In and Around Commercial Areas in Philadelphia

Lorlene M. Hoyt

Department of Urban Studies and Planning at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology

The business improvement district (BID) is an international, yet controversial, model for urban revitalization. This article contributes to the BID debate by identifying the theories that underpin the model, developing a conceptual framework that examines the linkages between crime theories and BID services, and—through the use of spatial and statistical methods of analysis—measuring the impact of BID organizations on criminal activity in and around commercial areas. Results show that lower property crime rates differentiate commercial areas with BID organizations from those without BIDs and that the lower rates are not matched by higher crime in surrounding blocks.

Key Words: business improvement districts • crime theory • spatial statistics


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This article has been cited by other articles:


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 Urban StudHome page
I. R. Cook
Mobilising Urban Policies: The Policy Transfer of US Business Improvement Districts to England and Wales
Urban Stud, April 1, 2008; 45(4): 773 - 795.
[Abstract] [PDF]