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Up-Zoning New York City's Mixed-Use Neighborhoods

Property-Led Economic Development and the Anatomy of a Planning Dilemma

Graduate Center for Planning and the Environment in the School of Architecture at the Pratt Institute in Brooklyn, New York

This article examines land use policy and real estate market activity in the 1990s in two mixed-use neighborhoods in New York City. Using data from case studies of Greenpoint-Williamsburg in Brooklyn and Long Island City in Queens, this article finds that adherence on the part of officials to the principle of highest and best use, together with an incremental approach to planning and land use regulation, has contributed to opportunistic development and industrial displacement in these areas. The question of whether this trajectory is in the interests of the public at large remains the subject of fierce debate in the city's planning community and beyond. The article contributes to the literature on property-led economic development in central cities by exploring the complex task of planners charged with regulating areas that not only are logical sites for commercial and residential expansion but also serve as niches for loweryielding land uses.

Key Words: redevelopment • industrial land • mixed-use neighborhoods • up-zoning

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