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Towards a Dynamic Theory of the State and Civil Society in the Development Process

Department of Urban Planning and Policy Development at Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey (33 Livingston Ave., Suite 302, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901

This paper employs the concepts of the state and civil society to explain the development process. It theorizes development as a dynamic and non-continuous process of state- civil society interaction. It argues that sustainable development initially requires a strong developmentalist state that allows for the growth of a vibrant civil society. At some point in this process, civil society will muster enough strength to challenge the state. If this transitional stage is successfully managed, the two forces will reach a balance of power that allows the country to enter the sustainable development stage, also characterized by democracy. The paper illustrates the theory through historical analysis and concludes by drawing out the theory's planning and policy implications.

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